Dominance vs. Leadership: Understanding Dog Behavior
- Dr. Zeke Zekoff
- Apr 27
- 2 min read
For many years, it was thought that dog behavior was based on wolf behavior. However, this theory was mainly formed from observing captive wolves, whose behavior doesn’t accurately reflect that of wolves in their natural habitats. Scientists have gained more knowledge about wolf social systems, and they now realize that domestication has significantly changed dog behavior.
What is Dominance?
Dominance is defined as a relationship between individuals established by force, aggression, and submission to determine priority access to resources like food, resting spots, and mates. For example, wolves fight to establish rank in order to have better access to valuable resources. The highest-ranking animal gets priority, but others may find alternative ways to obtain resources.
Once a dominance-submission relationship is established, it’s maintained through warning postures and ritualistic displays rather than constant fighting. However, in some cases, the dominant animal may continue to show aggressive behavior to maintain their higher rank.
Dog vs. Wolf Behavior
Dominance-submission relationships can exist between household pets. However, dog hierarchies aren’t always linear, and individuals may share similar ranks. Compared to wolves, dogs have a reduced drive to gain high rank and have a less ritualized communication system.
Leadership, Not Dominance
In most cases, pet owners are dealing with unruly or misbehaved pets, not animals trying to assert dominance. These behaviors occur because they have been rewarded in the past.
Instead of using force, humans can become leaders by rewarding desirable behaviors. Consistency and predictability are crucial for effective leadership. One method is the “Learn to Earn” program, where pets must earn access to resources by performing desired behaviors. This approach involves setting clear rules, consistently rewarding good behavior, and removing rewards for unwanted behavior.
By being consistent and rewarding desired actions, owners can establish themselves as trustworthy leaders, fostering a stronger bond with their pets.
Comments