Understanding Drooling in Cats: Causes and Considerations

Dr. Zeke Zekoff
Apr 3
2 min read

While drooling in dogs may be expected, when a cat starts drooling excessively, it’s usually a cause for concern. Medically known as ptyalism (also called sialorrhea or hypersalivation), this condition can arise from a wide variety of underlying issues—some benign, others serious.

Dr. Steven J. Bailey’s differential diagnosis list offers a comprehensive look at potential causes of feline ptyalism, highlighting that in many cases, the issue isn't increased saliva production, but rather the cat's inability to control or swallow it properly. Below, we explore some of the major categories to help pet owners and veterinary professionals better understand what might be behind a drooling cat.

Oral and Dental Causes

One of the most common sources of drooling in cats is related to the mouth:

Oral trauma (e.g., from insect stings like ants or bees)
Dental disease, including gingivitis, abscesses, or broken teeth
Foreign objects such as string or insulation caught on the tongue or lodged in the mouth

Pain, discomfort, or physical blockage often causes cats to produce saliva they cannot comfortably swallow.

Neurological and Neuromuscular Disorders

Disorders affecting the brain or nerves can also impair a cat’s ability to swallow:

Central nervous system disease (e.g., seizures, brain lesions)
Neuromuscular disease that reduces muscle coordination
Peripheral nerve dysfunction
Myopathies (muscle disorders) leading to impaired swallowing

These conditions often present alongside other neurological signs such as tremors, weakness, or behavioral changes.

Gastrointestinal and Metabolic Issues

Gastrointestinal discomfort and systemic disease can both contribute to ptyalism:

Nausea, from any cause, can trigger salivation
Gastritis or gastric ulcers, particularly in cases of renal failure (uremic gastritis)
Esophageal disease such as esophagitis, obstructions, or foreign bodies
Liver dysfunction and hypoglycemia, both of which may cause central nervous system effects leading to drooling

Psychogenic and Behavioral Factors

Not all drooling is pathological. Some cats may exhibit hypersalivation under stress or emotional states:

Affectionate drooling during petting or kneading
Fear or anxiety, particularly in new environments or during travel
Anticipation of pilling, where the expectation of medication causes a stress response

While these causes may not indicate disease, they still require attention if drooling becomes excessive or frequent.

Toxins and Medications

Toxic exposure is another critical category:

Pyrethrins and organophosphates, commonly found in insecticides, are known to cause severe drooling
Medication side effects or overdose can also lead to gastrointestinal upset or central nervous system involvement
A rare but documented cause includes pine processionary caterpillar envenomation, which results in oral irritation and severe hypersalivation

Other Potential Causes

Neoplasia (cancer) affecting the oral cavity, GI tract, or nervous system
Upper respiratory infections (URI), which may cause oral ulcers or make swallowing difficult
Feline parvovirus and other infectious diseases can also cause inflammation and discomfort leading to drooling

Final Thoughts

Ptyalism in cats is not a diagnosis—it's a symptom. Whether the cause is physical, emotional, or systemic, drooling deserves careful evaluation. A thorough examination, supported by diagnostic testing, is essential to uncover the root of the problem.

If your cat starts drooling excessively or shows other concerning signs, consult your veterinarian as soon as possible. Early detection can prevent serious complications and help your feline friend return to comfort and health.