Understanding SARDS: Sudden Blindness in Older Dogs

Dr. Zeke Zekoff
Feb 18
3 min read

Sudden blindness in older dogs can be a devastating experience for both pets and their owners. While cataracts, diabetes, and hypertension-related retinal detachment are well-known causes, a lesser-known yet significant condition is Sudden Acquired Retinal Degeneration Syndrome (SARDS). This condition can take dog owners by surprise, leaving them wondering how to help their beloved companions adjust. In this article, we’ll explore the causes, symptoms, and management of SARDS in senior dogs.

What is SARDS?

SARDS is an irreversible condition that causes sudden blindness in dogs due to the rapid degeneration of retinal cells. Unlike other causes of blindness, SARDS does not appear to be linked to inflammation, infection, or immune disorders. Despite extensive research, the exact cause of the disease remains unknown.

Which Dogs Are Most Affected?

SARDS is most commonly diagnosed in dogs with a median age of 8.5 years. Certain breeds, including Dachshunds and Miniature Schnauzers, are more prone to developing the disease. Other affected breeds include Pugs, Brittany Spaniels, and Maltese. Interestingly, research has shown that 60-70% of SARDS cases occur in female dogs, and a notable percentage of diagnoses happen during the holiday months of December and January.

What Causes SARDS?

The exact cause of SARDS is still unknown. The cells in the retina’s rods and cones undergo programmed cell death, known as apoptosis, but the underlying triggers remain a mystery. While autoimmune, inflammatory, or allergic reactions have been suspected, there is no definitive evidence to support these theories. Additionally, SARDS does not respond to immune-suppressing treatments, further indicating that an immune-related cause is unlikely.

Recognizing the Symptoms of SARDS

One of the first signs of SARDS is a sudden loss of vision. However, many dogs also display behavioral changes before blindness fully sets in. Common symptoms include:

Difficulty navigating around familiar areas
Bumping into furniture or walls
Increased caution when moving
Increased thirst and urination
Increased appetite and weight gain

The metabolic symptoms of excessive thirst, urination, and appetite are often mistaken for Cushing’s disease. However, studies show that while these symptoms are common in SARDS patients, they are not necessarily indicative of Cushing’s.

Living with a Dog Affected by SARDS

While a sudden loss of vision can seem like a tragic development, many dogs adjust remarkably well to their new reality. A recent survey of dog owners found that despite initial concerns, most dogs maintained a good quality of life after their diagnosis. Here’s what the survey revealed:

40% of owners reported that their dogs were able to navigate even unfamiliar surroundings with moderate to excellent ability.
48% of owners found that they did not need to make significant adjustments to their homes.
Despite an increase in sleep and a decrease in play, most owners found that their bond with their dog either remained the same or grew even stronger.

Is Euthanasia a Consideration?

While some owners may initially consider euthanasia due to concerns about their dog’s quality of life, most owners who lived with SARDS-affected dogs later discouraged euthanasia as an option. In fact, 95% of surveyed owners indicated that they would not recommend euthanasia for dogs with SARDS. Even among those who had initially euthanized their dog, some later regretted the decision, realizing that their pet could have adapted to blindness.

Helping Your Dog Adjust to Blindness

If your dog has been diagnosed with SARDS, there are several ways you can help them adjust to their new condition:

Keep their environment consistent. Avoid rearranging furniture or introducing major household changes that could disorient them.
Use verbal cues. Commands such as “step up” or “watch out” can help them navigate obstacles.
Create tactile markers. Mats, rugs, or textured surfaces can serve as landmarks within the home.
Use scent cues. Placing different scents in various areas of the house can help guide them.
Provide interactive toys. Many blind dogs continue to enjoy playtime using toys with bells, squeakers, or treat dispensers.

Conclusion

While SARDS is a frustrating and poorly understood condition, it is not a death sentence. Many dogs continue to lead fulfilling lives despite their blindness. By making small adjustments and offering patience and support, you can help your senior dog navigate their world confidently. If you suspect your dog is experiencing sudden vision loss, consult your veterinarian immediately for an accurate diagnosis and guidance on how to best support your furry friend.